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KMID : 0358119810070020105
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Journal of the Korean Public Health Association
1981 Volume.7 No. 2 p.105 ~ p.114
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A SURVEY OF MATERNAL NUTRITION AND FAMILY PLANNING IN RURAL FAMILY HEALTH PROJECT AREA OF KOREA
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이보숙/Yi, Bo Sook
李景子/朴美淑/牟壽美/Lee, Kyung Ja/Lee, Mee Sook/Mo, Sumi
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Abstract
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Integration of applied nutrition and family planning into-rural family health programmes is a fairly new trend in Korea. The survey of nutrition and family planning, however, has an important role: to obtain baseline data which will be needed in _planning a ´rural family health projects. This study was conducted from January 23 to 31, and February 14 to 18, 1981, to determine level of knowledge, attitude and practices concerning maternal nutrition, physical status and family planning of fertile women in Whaseoung-gun, Kyunggi-do, one of the rural family health project areas of the PPFK. A total of 197 fertile mothers were surveyed, 10.7% of them pregnant, 19.3% lactating and 70%. non-pregnant.
The results are summarized as follows:
1. Family living conditions
2. Family planning practices
One hundred seventy-five subjects,- except pregnant women, representing 89.3% of total subjects, were surveyed for family planning practices. Of these, 59.3% practiced contraception, and tubal ligation was predominant method employed. Average number of children born was 2. 9; average number of pregnancy was 3.9. Twenty-three percent of the subjects had experienced abortion. The average number of infant death was 0.2. per subject.
3. The average height of women was 152.3 cm, far below the Korean standard of 158 cm. whereas body weight was 53. 1 kg., slightly above the Korean standard of 52 kg., Weight for height was 34.8, slightly higher than the Korean standard. ´Obesity rate by Katsura´s formula was -13. 1. _
4. Meal balance and food diversity of maternal diets
Meal balance of maternal diets was scored 61. 3 for non-pregnant, 72. 6 for pregnant, and 71. 6 for breast-feeding mothers, based on a maximum of 200 points, Diversity of food selection was scored 9. 5 for non-pregnant, 10. 9 for pregnant and 10.4 for breast-feeding mothers, based on a maximum of 30 points. Meal balance and diversity of meal selection were both found to be positively correlated with level of education, nutritional attitudes; family income and family cultural level, but negatively correlated with age group for all subjects. There was significant correlation, 0.7904(p<0.001), between meal balance and food diversity. Results described that pregnant and breast-feeding groups paid slightly greater attention to diet than did the nonpregnant group.
5. Knowledge of and attitudes toward nutrition
Eighty-six percent of the mothers were entirely ignorant regarding the "five basic food group", a concept fundamental to meal planning; 89.4% stated that breast milk is superior to -cow´s milk. The best age at which to begin supplementary feeding to the babies was stated as between 6 to 9 months, by 57,9%, of the subjects.
As for food taboos, 37.5% of the subjects avoided certain kinds of foods during pregnancy; and 15. 1% of the subjects, during breast-feeding. In general, foods avoided by the pregnant group were animal protein foods, especially chicken and boneless fish, because women fear their babies will be born with gooseflesh skin. The foods most commonly avoided during breastfeeding were green vegetables, poultry, and fermented rice water. Only 5.6% of the subjects used Korean herb medicine as tonic, and 26.9% used vitamins or nutrition pills during pregnancy and breast-feeding.
In hopes of providing training to the subjects, we determined that 54.9% of the subjects were -eager to learn skills for generating family income; others were eager to learn how to improve family life, with emphasis on nutrition and food, or how to improve oneself. The majority, 82.3% of subjects stated that winter would be the most appropriate season for training.
It is hoped that the findings of this study will make a contribution towards the development of programmes that meet the needs identified by these fertile rural women of Whaseoung-gun.
The average age of subjects was 31. 4 years. The average size of families surveyed was 5. 5 members, higher than the national average of 5.0 for rural ordinary household. The average total number of -children per subject was 2.7. About 600% of women, in contrast to 387o of husbands, were educated at or--below the elementary school level. Extended family structure predominates slightly, with nuclear family households representing 42.60%. The majority, 84% of households surveyed, were involved in farming. Ninety-seven- percent of subjects had TV, 89.4% had radios, 36/ had refrigerators, 86.2% had electric rice jars, and 82.5jo had electric fans. Newspaper subscribers, however, compromised only 39.7%.
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